152) argues that social workers can position themselves as active participants in this discursive process in two specific ways, and distinguishes between a deductive and inductive approach to human rights which both require a democratic, participative process in which all stakeholders can have a role. Human rights might thus have two interpretations in social work (Dean, Citation2015 Vandekinderen et al., Citation2019). This means that human rights are not fixed or static, and therefore they cannot only be fully defined but should also be seen as levers for marginalised groups to struggle for social justice (Lister, Citation2007). In that vein, Ife ( Citation2001) distinguishes between a top-down and a bottom-up approach to human rights in social work, referring to the discursive nature of human rights. ( Citation2017), for example, made a plea for a human rights perspective in social work that helps shape understandings of who is disadvantaged and who is not, but also enables the social work community to identify macro-forces at work as well as the need for intervention on the macro-level. In the meanwhile, this declaration led to a renewed and vital body of scholarship on the role of human rights for social work (see for example Ife, Citation2001 Reischert, Citation2007 Wronka, Citation2008). The framework stressed that social work was - and always will be - a human rights profession. Since the emergence of the first public declaration of the International Federation of Social Work in 1988, human rights were recognised as an important value framework for social work. The most recent global definition of social work identifies human rights as one of the guiding values for social work, next to social justice, respect for diversities and collective responsibilities (IFSW, Citation2014 Ornellas et al., Citation2018).
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